1432
Welp that answers a lot of why all .ml are down
(i.imgur.com)
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If you initiate a zone transfer, you can now claim to be authoritative for a zone. That means you can be a 'bad actor' DNS server that serves fake records. In practice, this means that you can redirect people to an attack site.
Let's say you're Joe the Random Internet User and you want to go to lemmy.world This is what happens in a non-attack (we're skipping caching & non-authoritative answers for brevity):
world. 3600 IN NS v0n0.nic.world.
world. 3600 IN NS v0n1.nic.world.
world. 3600 IN NS v0n2.nic.world.
world. 3600 IN NS v0n3.nic.world.
world. 3600 IN NS v2n0.nic.world.
world. 3600 IN NS v2n1.nic.world.
lemmy.world. 300 IN A 172.67.218.212
lemmy.world. 300 IN A 104.21.53.208
Now lets say there's a DNS spoof attack:
lemmy.world. 300 IN A [attack site IP]