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XZ backdoor in a nutshell
(lemmy.zip)
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Authentication bypass should give you interactive access. "I'm in" like. Remote code execution only allows you to run a command, without permanent access. You can use some RCE vulnerabilities to bypass authentication, but not all.
~~Yeah, but the malicious code replaces the ssh signature verification function to let it allow a specific signature. Hence attacker, with the key, can ssh into any system without proper authentication by ssh.~~
~~This kind of describes authentication by-pass, not just remote code execution...~~
EDIT: it is remote code execution, see the edit of parent comment.