Check out rename

$ touch foo{1..5}.txt
$ rename -v 's/foo/bar/' foo*
foo1.txt renamed as bar1.txt
foo2.txt renamed as bar2.txt
foo3.txt renamed as bar3.txt
foo4.txt renamed as bar4.txt
foo5.txt renamed as bar5.txt
$ rename -v 's/\.txt/.text/' *.txt
bar1.txt renamed as bar1.text
bar2.txt renamed as bar2.text
bar3.txt renamed as bar3.text
bar4.txt renamed as bar4.text
bar5.txt renamed as bar5.text
$ rename -v 's/(.*).text/1234-$1.txt/' *.text
bar1.text renamed as 1234-bar1.txt
bar2.text renamed as 1234-bar2.txt
bar3.text renamed as 1234-bar3.txt
bar4.text renamed as 1234-bar4.txt
bar5.text renamed as 1234-bar5.txt

xargs is also fun, and assuming your for loop doesn't update anything out of the loop, is highly parallelizable

The equivalent of the same command, that handles 10 tasks concurrently, using %% as a variable placeholder.

seq 1 100 | xargs -I'%%' -P 10 sh -c 'mkdir Data_X0%% && mv x0%%* Data_X0%%;'

But for mass renaming files, dired along with rectangle-select and multicursors within Emacs is my goto.