A lot of the laws of physics I've studied, like Boyle's Law and Charles' Law, describe the behavior of "An ideal confined gas."

I've had to tell several flight students to unlearn what they've learned about that in the meteorology chapter, because, for example, in a confined gas, increasing the temperature causes an increase in pressure while the density stays the same. In the Earth's atmosphere, increasing temperature does nothing to the pressure and decreases the density. Because the Earth's atmosphere isn't "confined," there's no lid, the air is relatively free to change volume. Heat the entire planet up and the atmosphere will just get a little taller.

But, I think, even if we put a magical vacuum tight shell around the planet 200 miles up, making the volume finite, I think the atmosphere would still act like an unconfined gas, because 1. it's so vast that it never homogenizes, parcels of different temperatures, pressures and moisture content take days to slosh across the available space, and 2. the Earth's gravity will cause a pressure gradient; most of the air is at the bottom and if you heat it up, it may not change volume but the pressure at the top will increase.

So I guess there has to be an upper limit to the volume and/or mass of air that can be "confined" and it's somewhere below planetary scale.

Just remembered a true Web 1.0 time capsule Stinkymeat.net. Mahlon Smith’s legendary “research” into what happens when you leave meat outside and document the decay.

I can’t believe the site is still up in 2025. Gross, hilarious and pure early-internet charm.

Makes me wonder… could someone repeat the “experiment” today with the same cuts of meat, same daily photos and compare the data? For science, of course.

OQB @stemy@lemmy.ml

It must be these three names. There is likely an association of chastity with Cassandra, dogma with Sophia, and valour with Elysia, but these are very loose abstract relationships where the traits are weakly correlated. Cassandra may have dark and/or fantasy technological powers. There is also a likely father figure that goes by a name like Master, and may even be some form of god. The story could be in any language or culture too. There is likely to be a place called the void or the abyss, and another called the compound or similar. There may also be a cabin in the woods. It likely involves some form of Puritan like cultural element. Late 19th century cultural norms and clothing are also likely.

Seems like every time I see a US police officer on video they have full arm sleeves.

Is getting tattooed a bragging right in US police circles?

Ok, you have a moderately complex math problem you needed to solve. You gave the problem to 6 LLMS all paid versions. All 6 get the same numbers. Would you trust the answer?

I think there should be a rule at this point an IP can only get one reboot every 15 years and it has to be won in a director competition because this is ridiculous! It feels surreal how many reboots and remakes they make and they are usually always for the worst.

So are you tired of them to?

I forget what happens in reality (and also just want the community's opinon).

German wikipedia defines a biological species as a group where individuals can reproduce offspring with other members of the group, but not with individuals outside of the group.

First of all, to the best of my knowledge, proper sexual reproduction only happens with Eukaryotes. Then this means that no bacteria ever reproduce offspring with other individuals, and therefore each bacterium is its own species.

But that is a meaningless definition. If each bacterium is its own species, then the categorization into species becomes meaningless.

On top of that, bacteria have "pseudosexual" horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which allows them to exchange genetic material with any other bacterium (if the circumstances are right; if i understand this correctly). So all bacteria are in a single species if you look at it that way.

I understand that bacteria normally don't undergo HGT with all other bacteria because some might only open up at hot temperatures while others only open up in cold temperatures - thus creating a natural barrier. But it is also my understanding that while such barriers exist, they're not permanent and can be overcome in nature (without human intervention) for example due to certain virus infections and similar circumstances.

Long story short:

Wouldn't it make more sense to just consider that the concept of "species" only apples to eukaryotes and not to bacteria at all? Wouldn't that save all of us a headache? Maybe we should consider bacterial species to be less strict that eukaryotic species. Maybe we should describe bacteria by their individual features and give that group a name, instead of expecting that diverging lines of evolution cannot ever come together again.

Title. Reposting because a few days ago my internet connection glitched...

Are there any decent (Private or otherwise) payment portals that anyone could recommend, that allow customers to pay cash, but it could convert and deposit into a crypto wallet, preferably BTC on the fly, with as low fees as possible? I thought I saw one about a year ago but never bookmarked it.

Any recommended payment portals at all. Ones that require ID and business info to setup, ones that don't require any info but are safe and legit etc.. All that can allow the user to pay cash for crypto. Thanks.

EDIT - Maybe something like Paybis or Bitpay. I will have to look into both of those a bit more.

Mobile games usually get a bad rep as they're usually asset flips and/or MTX-ridden and/or ad-filled, etc., and I'm sure this is actually the case for most games on the app/play store. But are there any ones that are actually good, maybe just something to pass the time with?

Considering how much of our existence is online these days, it seems like denying people the means to participate is almost like denying their right to exist.

I'd like to see a world where everyone has the capability to shape this digital space in a fair and accessible manner.

Saw a YouTube post about it and went looking. Anyone here actually know what it is or what it’s used for?

As above question.

Are they counted as 'digitally excluded' and how fucked are the actually digitally excluded residents?

I play medium tier co-ed soccer, have for the last dozen years or so. I just hit 40, am slowing down and taking longer to recover from injuries. I know my time at a fun sprinting competitivish level is coming to an end but... Sure, I'll miss the new dope friend aspext of it but equally importantly, 3 nights a week for years, I've been so happy to play and for a few hours a week the world, the future, politics, none of it mattered, all that mattered was stopping the bad guys from putting a ball in the wrong place and hopefully making it go to the right place (I'm defence, that half of the field is up to the other 6)

I dunno. Hoped maybe one of you has had to do this before and can share some thoughts. (I just had my foot clipped pretty bad, know I'm out for a few weeks but just came back off another injury etc...)

Edit: Goodness gracious, you folks are all so kind and supportive. Thanks so much, I'm definitely feeling less dejected and much more hopeful about the next stage of living an active and wild life.

I’m not sure how to even ask this. What I mean is that if you’re a guy who’s only attracted to other guys, then it’s obvious those are the people you’re going to be dating as well. But how could I, as a bisexual man who’s only dated women in the past, know whether my interest in men is only sexual or if it could be romantic too?

The reason I’m asking is that since I’m now single again, I’m wondering if I should try dating men just to see what that’s like and maybe learn something about myself. I feel like the two most plausible outcomes are either that I discover my romantic attraction is limited to women, or it opens my eyes to why some things have been such a struggle in my past relationships - and maybe I should’ve been dating men all along.

The thing is, I’ve never had a crush on a guy before or noticed any other signs that a relationship with one could actually work. I’ve had occasional dreams of that sort, but usually there’s been something sexual about them. I can only think of one time I felt mild butterflies around a guy I found really attractive.

I don’t know. I guess I’m just worried that if I give it a shot, I might not feel anything more than what I feel toward my male friends. In the worst case, they might develop feelings for me, and then I’d have to break their heart - and I hate the thought of that.

I'm shouldn't have ice cream due to my Type 2 diabetes, but once in a while, I stop at Mc Donalds and get myself a McFlurry with M&M's. I get a bit sick later, but I find it worth it.

what is that you usually do or see in your country or area but is weird to do in other area you have traveled or vice versa?? like it is unusual to wear footwear indoors in asia.