What a shitty banking app. The malware explanation could just be customer service boilerplate. They might have just implemented some commercial fingerprinting/analysis/security library in the app that freaked out at the minimal fingerprint of the GrapheneOS profile and defaulted to locking you out.
As individuals, we need to continue defending and advocating for our privacy - using privacy-respecting phones and software even if it's difficult and organize against surveillance capitalism, or at least donate to existing advocacy groups. And the developers that make privacy-respecting alternatives more accessible. Not much of an easy way out since we're up against Big Tech on a profoundly uneven playing field.
But for immediate issues like this, I would get a cheap separate phone with regular Android to handle the app if the bank doesn't offer the same services through a browser. Try to keep it on an isolated network and only power it on when necessary.