Sorry, I will not talk about browsers in your list because I've tried them and my personal preference goes to chawan for these reasons:
- has CSS layout support
- has HTML5 support with various encodings
- can display Inline images in terminals that support Sixel or Kitty protocols (opt-in feature)
- offers basic JavaScript support via QuickJS (opt-in)
- supports HTTP(S), SFTP, FTP, Gopher, Gemini...
- has built-in viewers for Markdown, man pages, and directory listings
- has Incremental loading
- uses multi-processing, so several buffers can be loaded at once
- offer mouse support, bookmarks, and protocol handling extensible by users
If you want to check another option, there's also brow.sh.
Hope this helps in your web terminal journey :)