I had a similar problem with a DELL laptop that used to be a Chromebook (and I later installed Debian): no audio out of the speakers, OR if there was audio, it was in slow motion. I installed a gazillion of Debian distros, and nothing worked, except the Ubuntu-based ones, that DID work. Basically, it was a either a bug or missing feature on the older kernels that Debian-based distros used (ubuntu uses newer kernels). I had tried everything, and I mean, everything. Every alsa, pulse or pipewire trick, and nothing had worked, because ultimately, it was a kernel support issue. When Debian upgraded to kernel 6.1 recently, the issue was fixed by itself (well, 90% of the way, not completely). So if you're not seeing any progress despite all the things you tried, it's probably a kernel support issue, and you might have to wait for the next few kernels down the line to see fixes for it. Sometimes, it's how it goes.

Are you using Jack? You could try pipewire as an alternative, it helped me greatly in getting my rodecaster duo set up

https://askubuntu.com/a/1495289

Take a look at the GitHub issue, seems to be in the works and a patch seems to be already available.

(I did only search the web for like 5 minutes, I don't have any clue about the subject)

Found the link above in this archlinux forum post https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=291502

pavucontrol

Reddit: that's the answer though, turn the speaker on using that. Downvoting me won't make it not the answer.