Yeah tires is probably one of the worst inventions ever. It spreads microplastics everywhere. The main purpose is traction.
Tarmac is bad too. Roads as a whole is a pretty bad solution.
It's almost as if railways had everything right from the start.
The following is me ranting about a rather obscure theoretical idea, so please bear with me, or quit while you can.
Now, if we were to reinvent the entirety of transportation. Let's imagine we rewind time to just before cars, but keep our current knowledge, are cars really the way to solve transportation? No. Just no. Imagine landing on a pristine foreign planet and the first thing we do is to pollute everything just to pave a road for transportation that also requires more pollution to use said road. It is just not right. The idea of "road' comes from the predecessor of cars, carriages, and people sort of took that idea for granted and developed from there. I don't even blame them.
Let's go back to the imaginary planet, and rethink it without the idea of "road'". How would we solve transportation? By redesigning the wheel. In order to make a wheel that could drive over off-road, we basically need something a lot more solid and durable than rubber. And we'd need engines that could easily and swiftly apply the correct force to the drivetrain to circumvent the uneven terrain. With current technology that would be solvable.
Guess what the first cars were? Electric and with huge solid wheels. The paved road and rubber tires are the result of a push towards combustible engines made by the oil industry. The 1800s electric car manufacturers were actually on the right path, they just didn't have the technology or money to do it.