I was able to make some progress in troubleshooting.
I went to the Screen Locking options and disabled "Lock after waking from sleep". Now I get to see the screen when I wake the computer back up, frozen as it was when I issued the sleep command.
All devices are disconnected - no network, no Bluetooth, no audio, all the “tray” icons are greyed out and/or showing errors, time is stopped at the moment I clicked the "Sleep" button.
Not sure if that helps at all.
I currently have no dedicated GPU, just a Ryzen CPU.
Tried that just now - doesn't work. It seems like all devices are disconnected so I can't use the keyboard to change the VT.