What's wrong with these people? The rabbi had time to sink to the floor, the priest is clearly passed out on the floor, why is the pastor still walking into the bar? Are they all blind and deaf?
The deeper message must be that just out of shot an imam and a Buddhist monk are looking at each other puzzled exchanging remarks like "They really cannot learn from each other, can they."
(I do get the bar joke, internet. No need to well actually me. This was very much tongue in cheek.)
No one here can tell you for sure what's wrong with your cable. So no one can answer if it will be good or bad over time. Slow (normal) charging is better for your battery than fast charging. A wobbly wire might stop and restart the charging process, which might be detrimental to the battery over time.
But it could also be that your port is so clogged up with pocket lint that the contact in your phone is affected and that's why fast charging no longer works. Something could be broken in the brick you use and that's why it won't work any more. It could be that the cable was bent so many times it's broken. It's probably that.
You could try to narrow down where the error lies. If you use a friend's cable does the same thing happen? Friend's fine-working cable in your power brick? If you got a phone repair kiosk in your neighborhood, maybe ask them if they could clean your port. If they're friendly, they can probably help you narrow down this problem also.