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submitted 10 months ago* (last edited 10 months ago) by SexUnderSocialism@hexbear.net to c/news@hexbear.net

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[-] Babs@hexbear.net 18 points 10 months ago

In the context of macroeconomics, it refers to the idea that even if a country could make everything they need internally, it is ultimately cheaper for everyone if regions just specialized in producing stuff that they do better/cheaper than anyone else, and trade for the rest.

In a very simplistic sense, if Country A and Country B are each able to produce all the food and all the clothing that they need internally, but Country A is way better at making food and than clothing, and vice versa for Country B, it would make sense for Country A to just focus on producing a ton of food and import their clothing needs. Then everyone gets more stuff overall.

However, this implies that there are no geopolitical frictions between Country A and Country B. It works if countries can maintain friendly trade relations, but can make supply lines real fragile.

Also as homhom9000 says, sometimes "specializing" gets really stupidly specific.

[-] Mardoniush@hexbear.net 16 points 10 months ago

It also doesn't account for the common situation where a country could do something more cheaply internally if they had a decade or two to spool shit up.

See China where it's gone from a comparative advantage in coal and not much else, to cheap manufacturing, to high tech manufacturing, to universal comparative advantage.

[-] FunkyStuff@hexbear.net 12 points 10 months ago

It's all about actually having the capital. China understood the assignment and put itself in a position to attract capital and gain that comparative advantage, now it's all paying out supremely.

[-] Collatz_problem@hexbear.net 10 points 10 months ago

they do better/cheaper than anyone else, and trade for the rest.

This is absolute advantage. Comparative advantage is when a country can make something relatively cheaper then the other goods. So if a country A can make a coat for 10 tögrög and a bicycle for 20 tögrög, while a country B can make both for 30 tögrög, it means that the country B has comparative advantage in making bicycles and it would be more profitable for both if country B makes bicycles and trades for coats with country A.

[-] woodenghost@hexbear.net 5 points 10 months ago

What if country A doesn't produce that much at all and instead just prints dollars, then uses it's military to force everyone to trade oil and everything else in dollars enjoying a steady flow of goods and services in exchange for cheap paper? And what if country A then suddenly reverses course (because other countries start to move away from the dollar anyway) and tries to cash in on this flow, while it's still going, with high tariffs?

[-] Babs@hexbear.net 8 points 10 months ago

So much of undergrad macroecon classes is built on the idea that everyone plays nice and fair with each other.

You know, a fantasy land.

this post was submitted on 09 Apr 2025
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