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Can I make a volcano?
(lemmy.world)
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this post was submitted on 16 Sep 2023
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That could actually work, since the hot material has a lower density and will thus be pushed out. But the hole needs to be somewhat big, since it will just solidify on the way up otherwise. So maybe 100 meter diameter?
Probably still won't work unless there is serious overpressure in the area from some dynamic loading in the mantle. First off, no part of the mantle is naturally fluid at depth. The closest is the asthenosphere, at around 200 to 400 kn depth. This is still solid, but more like a soft wax. That too, the material is made of peroxides and has a density of between 5 to 15 percent higher than the granitic crust at depth and limestone that makes up the shallower crust of Indiana. Thus, it would be analogous to a whole in a wooden plank floating on a sea of dense soft wax...the wax won't likely push through.
However, if you add water to the system while maintaining the heat, you can start to fluidize the gooey rock, and eventually it will reduce density enough to start creeping upwards. If you mix it deep enough and we'll enough, you can start creating small steam bubbles within that will continue to grow as the rock ascends, further increasing the pressure (like a bubbly bottle of champagne). This will drive further upward pressures allowing for a surface eruption and formation of a volcano.
Source: am geophysicist and play(work) on volcanoes...just not in Indiana
Yes, otherwise it is only sparkling lava.
You wouldn't have much work here. Thanks for the expert information, I appreciate it!
If the lower layers are denser despite their much higher temperature and also super viscous, how can volcanos ever form? What if we drill right through this area with an even later size hole? In this caw tho, note that all of the back-pressure is missing at the hole, so gases would violently went to escape (10'000s of bar vs. 1 bar), which should be plenty of driving force to get stuff above the ground. Due to the outgassing the density should also massively decrease. Kind of like lowering a pipe into a volcanic lake that has CO2 dissolved in the deeper layers and letting that vent in a fountain.
Note that the pressure would go down, not up, as it ascends. But the volume would go up because of the lower pressure.
Still would be quite difficult. We think about 90% of accessing magma never makes it to the surface simply because it loses overpressure. It mostly comes down to how vicious the mama is and what it's overall volatile content. All is which is dependent on the magma temperature, access to water, and silicate composition.