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Bilocker'd partition on dual boot drive
(kbin.social)
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If you keep Bitlocker enabled on that partition you will have to enter the recovery key everytime you boot into your Linux partition. Since you don't have that key backed up you'll need to turn it off and then re-enable it if you wish to continue to use Bitlocker.
If you manually enable bitlocker you will be prompted to back up the key with a few different options: to a file (but if I recall you'll need to save the file to a drive that isn't be encrypted by Bitlocker) or to a Microsoft account.
To answer your question regarding best practice, Full Disk Encryption is best practice. Now to achieve that in Windows you use Bitlocker, Linux there is Luks, and macOS has filevault.
If your machine isn't going anywhere outside your home then it's not as big of a deal if the drive isn't encrypted.
Regarding your situation FDE is going to be a bit of a pain whether you use Bitlocker or Luks. I suggest using db2's suggestion and run a VM creating a shared folder between host and guest. Then you can encrypt the entire drive using the best encryption tool for the host OS (which I suggest be Linux).
Edit: Replaced the 'b' with a space between "db2's" and "suggestion"
I appreciate the additional info. Since I want to make Linux primary (one of my two main points in this little project is getting familiar with Linux!), I'll look into Luks for that partition
The db2 / vm suggestion is a little over my head, currently, but I'll research that as well!
Also, bitlocker is not the only disk encryption software for Windows. It's just the built in one. If you wanted, you could use something like Veracrypt which is open source and will play nicely with all your OSes.