I've ended up using calculus and trig for programming multiple times.

You may be able to draw a circle without math, but teaching a computer to draw a circle requires an understanding of math.

All of machine learning is rooted in linear algebra, rust is a very practical programming language that gains most of its power through category theory.

You don't need to know high level math to be a successful developer, but it can really help in many areas. I can't really think of how to categorize which areas high level math is more or less likely to show up in, which I guess itself kind of supports my point.

Just understanding what a derivative is and what an integral is can help you determine what problems are solvable and what aren't, and let you think ahead about what information you might want to hold onto in your data structures. ( Think about what the +C in this integral represents in the real world, and what data you need to pin that down concretely ).