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submitted 1 month ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/earthscience@mander.xyz
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submitted 1 month ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/herpetology@mander.xyz
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Prey specificity of predatory venoms (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
submitted 1 month ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/biology@mander.xyz
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submitted 1 month ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/herpetology@mander.xyz
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submitted 2 months ago* (last edited 2 months ago) by Sal@mander.xyz to c/herpetology@mander.xyz
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submitted 2 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/opensource@lemmy.ml

Cross-posting to the OpenSource community as I think this topic will also be of interest here.

This is an analysis of how "open" different open source AI systems are. I am also posting the two figures from the paper that summarize this information below.

ABSTRACT

The past year has seen a steep rise in generative AI systems that claim to be open. But how open are they really? The question of what counts as open source in generative AI is poised to take on particular importance in light of the upcoming EU AI Act that regulates open source systems differently, creating an urgent need for practical openness assessment. Here we use an evidence-based framework that distinguishes 14 dimensions of openness, from training datasets to scientific and technical documentation and from licensing to access methods. Surveying over 45 generative AI systems (both text and text-to-image), we find that while the term open source is widely used, many models are ‘open weight’ at best and many providers seek to evade scientific, legal and regulatory scrutiny by withholding information on training and fine-tuning data. We argue that openness in generative AI is necessarily composite (consisting of multiple elements) and gradient (coming in degrees), and point out the risk of relying on single features like access or licensing to declare models open or not. Evidence-based openness assessment can help foster a generative AI landscape in which models can be effectively regulated, model providers can be held accountable, scientists can scrutinise generative AI, and end users can make informed decisions.

Figure 2 (click to enlarge): Openness of 40 text generators described as open, with OpenAI’s ChatGPT (bottom) as closed reference point. Every cell records a three-level openness judgement (✓ open, ∼ partial or ✗ closed). The table is sorted by cumulative openness, where ✓ is 1, ∼ is 0.5 and ✗ is 0 points. RL may refer to RLHF or other forms of fine-tuning aimed at fostering instruction-following behaviour. For the latest updates see: https://opening-up-chatgpt.github.io

Figure 3 (click to enlarge): Overview of 6 text-to-image systems described as open, with OpenAI's DALL-E as a reference point. Every cell records a three-level openness judgement (✓ open, ∼ partial or ✗ closed). The table is sorted by cumulative openness, where ✓ is 1, ∼ is 0.5 and ✗ is 0 points.

There is also a related Nature news article: Not all ‘open source’ AI models are actually open: here’s a ranking

PDF Link: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3630106.3659005

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submitted 2 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/houseplants@mander.xyz

We are having a pumpking growing competition at work and I live in an apartment, so I'm working with what I have 😆

The plant already produced many male flowers. From what I have read, the male flowers usually come out 10 - 14 days before the female flowers. They open up for a single day and then they close and fall off.

I found out that tey are edible, so I stuffed a few of them with some left overs as a culinary experiment.

And the first female flower has arrived!

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submitted 2 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/archaeology@mander.xyz
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The Netherlands (mander.xyz)
submitted 5 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/plantid@mander.xyz
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submitted 5 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/herpetology@mander.xyz

Link to the article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.10926

Abstract

Temperature is essential for the survival and development of eggs. Some anurans have evolved and developed foam nesting traits, with thermal insulation considered to be among their functions. Foam-nesting frogs tend to exhibit reproductive plasticity. For example, they oviposit on both trees and the ground. How such plasticity affects foam nest function is of major relevance and is likely related to the adaptation of foam nesting frogs. However, this has not been well studied. In this study, we examined the interaction between foam nest site, foam nest function, and egg fate using the Japanese green tree frog, Zhangixalus arboreus, and analysed how nest site differences (arboreal or terrestrial) affect the thermal function of foam nests. We compared the thermal functions of foam nests between arboreal and terrestrial oviposition sites of Z. arboreus. We artificially replaced half of the arboreal nests with terrestrial environments and recorded temperature in and outside of the experimental terrestrial nest and original arboreal nests. We also examined egg survival and hatching rates for all the nests. The results indicated superior heat insulation in terrestrial nests, with warmer temperatures inside than outside the nests, especially at night, which led to a high egg survival rate. Therefore, terrestrial ovipositing should be valid under cold weather conditions. This may be related to the evolutionary history of oviposition site plasticity of this genus, which originally had an arboreal oviposition trait but evolved into terrestrial site use owing to global cooling. Our novel insights into the evolution and adaptivity of foam nesting and oviposition site use in Z. arboreus make an important contribution to animal ecology.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 34 points 5 months ago

If the timing is right, I would bring a mushroom grow bag with mushrooms sprouting.

If not... probably my radiacode gamma spectrometer and some of my radioactive items. Maybe a clock with radium painted dials and a piece of trinitite. I think that there are many different points of discussion that can be of interest to a broad audience (radioactivity, spectroscopy, electronics, US labor law story of the radium girls, nuclear explosions, background radiation.... etc). As a bonus I can bring a UV flash light and show the radium fluorescence. Adults love UV flash lights.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 50 points 5 months ago* (last edited 5 months ago)

I think that they are referring to Paxillus involotus

It is quite an interesting mushroom. It was considered "safe to eat" for a long time, but it contains an antigen that a human's immune system can learn to attack.

The antigen is still of unknown structure but it stimulates the formation of IgG antibodies in the blood serum.

I once looked into whether this immune response builds up over many exposures, or if it is a random event that has a probability of happening for each exposure. I don't remember finding a convincing answer... If it is a random event, then mushroom could be considered a "Russian roulette" mushroom that will usually provide a nice meal, but, if unlucky, you may experience the following:

Poisoning symptoms are rapid in onset, consisting initially of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and associated decreased blood volume. Shortly after these initial symptoms appear, hemolysis develops, resulting in reduced urine output, hemoglobin in the urine or outright absence of urine formation, and anemia. Hemolysis may lead to numerous complications including acute kidney injury, shock, acute respiratory failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These complications can cause significant morbidity with fatalities having been reported.

I agree with you that this is probably unrelated to the "generally similar to humans" comment. I feel like this fantasy is a combination of the above fact mixed in with the fact that the Fungi belong to the Opisthokonts, which places them closer to animals than plants, and so they share some interesting cellular characteristics with us. This places them closer to animals than plants, but "generally similar to humans" is perhaps a bit of a stretch ^_^

But, it is just a meme about a guy being hyped about mushrooms. Hopefully people don't expect memes to be super accurate 😁

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 30 points 5 months ago

First of all, congratulations for bringing a baby girl into this world!! You must be really excited! I am very happy for you!

This looks very cool. I set up a wiki (https://ibis.mander.xyz/) and I will make an effort to populate it with some Lemmy lore and interesting science/tech 😄 Hopefully I can set some time aside and help with a tiny bit of code too.

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submitted 6 months ago by Sal@mander.xyz to c/science@mander.xyz
[-] Sal@mander.xyz 30 points 6 months ago

The authors of the paper uploaded 6 videos in the supporting info. It looks like mucus to me, but it is difficult to see. I cropped one video in which you can see strings of the "milk": https://i.imgur.com/9RvVSgz.mp4

You can get the zip file with the 6 videos here: https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/science.adi5379/suppl_file/science.adi5379_movies_s1_to_s6.zip

I also found a video of a frog feeding its tadpoles through the skin: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10682-023-10259-z/MediaObjects/10682_2023_10259_MOESM2_ESM.mp4

The frog video comes from this paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10682-023-10259-z

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 30 points 6 months ago

Search engines like google aggregate data from multiple sites. I may want to download a datasheet for an electronic component, find an answer to a technical question, find a language learning course site, or look for museums in my area.

Usually I make specific searches with very specific conditions, so I tend to get few and relevant results. I think search engines have their place.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 29 points 7 months ago

There is one account that has a single comment from 5 months ago that is downvoting most posts and comments. That one is very suspicious

Other than that... No other accounts are as obvious. A few do have some reoccurrences but most of those votes do seem organic on first inspection.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 42 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)
  • Password hashing occurs server-side. Even without removing the hashing step an admin can intercept the plaintext password during login. Use unique safe passwords.

  • An admin can intercept the jwt authentication cookie and use any account that lives in the instance.

  • Private messages are stored as plaintext in the database

  • Admins can see who upvotes/downvotes what

  • These are not things that are unique to Lemmy. This is common.

  • To avoid having to trust your admin, run an instance.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 31 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Full genome sequencing.

The price of sequencing continues to decrease as the technology evolves. I have already seen claims of under $1,000 for a full human genome. I haven't looked carefully into those claims, but I think we are around there. In some years full genomes will be so cheap to sequence that it will be routine. I want to buy one of those small Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencers in the future. I'll use it like a pokedex.

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 28 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

We may have reached peak archaeology now, but human society peaked around A.D. 550 in Mexico

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 30 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Cool. Thank you for doing this!

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 54 points 1 year ago

Really cool! I'm excited to learn more about you and the project!

What's the format? Should we submit questions beforehand, or will you process questions that arrive at the start time? I've never participated in an AMA 😅

[-] Sal@mander.xyz 48 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

My view is: I don't like this cultural element, and I am glad that I live in a country without it. But if I am a visitor from abroad I would not resist the local culture and try to impose my own values. If I am aware of this cultural element and I dislike it, my options would be to either avoid restaurants and other tipping situations as much as I can, or simply account for the tip when making my financial decisions, and pay it.

If I live in the country then it is different, because then I am more entitled to be a driver of change. Personally, my approach would be to support businesses with explicit no-tipping policy, and to refuse receiving tips myself.

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Sal

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