Here's a few reasons this doesn't work:

1. Planets are different sizes, electrons are all identical
2. 2 planets cannot occupy the same orbit, but (at least) two electrons with opposite spin can
3. If you have a high speed planet entering the solar system, you can't transfer some of its energy to another planet and have the rogue planet continue with less energy
4. All orbital energies are possible, not so much for atoms
5. Planetary orbits emit gravitational waves. If electrons produced the equivalent (bremstrahlung radiation) during "orbit", they would collide with the nucleus hilariously fast. This isn't a problem because electron orbitals don't have a physical representation.