v5
You've also just described the entire accounting process for a fortune 500 company.
It's a very versatile system.
Define "math mechanics". Rolling a die and adding a bonus is defined in this one sentence. Rolling with advantage or disadvantage doesn't add much more. And that's 99% of the math.
If you want an official publication, there's the basic rules for 5e: https://www.dndbeyond.com/sources/dnd/basic-rules-2014
https://orkerhulen.dk/Own%20made%20supplement/Easy%20combat%20reference%20chart.pdf
I keep one of these sheets around when running 3.5
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